Computer Memory

Introduction -

Memory is the important part of a computer system. It holds the data and instructions that the Central Processing Unit (CPU) needs. It is the internal storage of computer system.

Computer memory are divided into lots of cell which call Location. Every location has there different label which call Address. Cells are use to store data and instruction commands and all data and instruction commands exists as a binary code into computer which denoted by '0' and '1'. 1 shows that circuits  is ON and 0 shows that circuits is OFF. When we save the data into location it call WRITE and when we checking or access this data it call READ.

Units Of Computer Memory -

Units of Computer Memory Measurements.

1. 1 Bit = Binary Digit
2. 8 Bits = 1 Byte
3. 1024 Bytes = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
4. 1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)
5. 1024 MB = 1 GB(Giga Byte)
6. 1024 GB = 1 TB(Terra Byte)
7. 1024 TB = 1 PB(Peta Byte)
8. 1024 PB = 1 EB(Exa Byte)
9. 1024 EB = 1 ZB(Zetta Byte)
10. 1024 ZB = 1 YB (Yotta Byte)
11. 1024 YB = 1 (Bronto Byte)
12. 1024 Brontobyte = 1 (Geop Byte)

Geop Byte is The Highest Memory Measurement Unit.

Types Of Memory - There are two types of computer memory

01- Primary memory (Main Memory)

1. Volatile
2. Non-Volatile
3. Cache

02- Secondary Memory (Helper Memory)

1. Hard-disk Drive
2. Floppy Disc
3. CD (Compact Disc)
4. DVD
5. Pen Drive / USB Flash Drive

Primary Memory -

It is the internal memory of computer. CPU (Central Processing Unit) directly use its data and instruction.

01- Volatile - Volatile memory, also known as volatile storage, is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information, in other words it needs power to reach the computer memory. Volatile memory retains the information as long as power supply is on, but when power supply is off or interrupted the stored memory is lost. Example- RAM (Read Only Memory)

02- Non-Volatile - Non-Volatile is a computer memory that can retain the stored information even when Computer power is off. Example- ROM (Read Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), E-PROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) And EEPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory)

03- Cache - Cache used by the CPU (central processing unit) of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations.See the below process.

MAIN MEMORY >>>>>>>> CACHE >>>>>>>>> MEMORY CPU

Secondary Memory -

Secondary Memory also known as external memory or auxiliary storage it is different from primary memory this memory is not directly accessible by the CPU. The computer usually uses its input/output sources to access secondary storage. Secondary storage does not lose the data when the device is powered down or off.

01- Hard-disk Drive - It is a hardware which install inside the System Unit (CPU) it has strong capacity to store data comparison to other device.

02- Floppy Disc - Floppy disks, initially as 8-inch media and later in 5.25-inch and 3.5-inch sizes, were all types of data storage and exchange from the mid-1970s. It is too costly method to store data.

03- CD - CD (Compact Disc) was originally developed to store and play back sound recordings only, but the format was later adapted for storage of data.

04- DVD - DVD is an optical disc storage format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than Compact Discs while having the same dimensions.

05- Pen Drive / USB Flash Drive - A USB flash drive is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an integrated USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and re-writable, and physically much smaller than a floppy disk

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